350个linux命令详解
| COMMAND 命令 | DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| System information
系统信息 |
|
| arch | show architecture of machine
显示主机的体系结构 |
| uname -r | show used kernel version
显示kernel版本信息 |
| dmidecode -q | show hardware system components – (SMBIOS / DMI)
显示硬件系统部件 |
| hdaparm -i /dev/hda | displays the characteristics of a hard-disk
显示某一硬盘特点 |
| hdparm -tT /dev/sda | perform test reading on a hard-disk
执行某一硬盘读取测试 |
| cat /proc/cpuinfo | show information CPU info
显示CPU信息 |
| cat /proc/interrupts | show interrupts
显示中断信息 |
| cat /proc/meminfo | verify memory use
核实内存使用情况 |
| cat /proc/swaps | show file(s) swap
显示文件swap情况 |
| cat /proc/version | show version of the kernel
显示kernel版本信息 |
| cat /proc/net/dev | show network adpters and statistics
显示网络信息 |
| cat /proc/mounts | show mounted file system(s)
显示挂载系统信息 |
| lspci -tv | display PCI devices
显示PCI设备 |
| lsusb -tv | show USB devices
显示USB设备 |
| date | show system date
显示系统日期 |
| cal 2007 | show the timetable of 2007
显示2007年日历 |
| date 041217002007.00 | set date and time
– MonthDayhoursMinutesYear.Second 设置时间和日期 – 格式：月日时分年.秒 |
| clock -w
|
save changes on BIOS
保存BIOS设置 |
| linux commands line v1.0 – LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 – moon-blog.cn | |
| COMMAND 命令 | DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| Shutdown, Restart of a system and Logout
系统关机,重启或注销 |
|
| shutdown -h now | shutdown system
关闭系统 |
| init 0 | |
| shutdown -r hours:minutes | planned shutdown of the system
定时关机 |
| shutdown -c | cancel a planned shutdown of the system
取消定时关机 |
| shutdown -r now | reboot
重启系统 |
| reboot | |
| logout | leaving session
注销用户 |
| linux commands line v1.0 – LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 – moon-blog.cn | |
| COMMAND 命令 | DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| Files and Directory
文件及目录 |
|
| cd /home | enter to directory ‘/ home’
进入/home目录 |
| cd .. | go back one level
向上返回一个目录 |
| cd ../.. | go back two levels
向上返回两个目录 |
| cd | go to home directory
前往/home目录 |
| cd ~utente | go to home directory
前往/home目录 |
| cd – | go to previous directory
进入先前所在目录 |
| pwd | show the path of work directory
显示目录路径 |
| ls | view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件 |
| ls -F | view files of directory
显示目录内包含的文件 |
| ls -l | show details of files and directory
显示目录内文件的详细信息 |
| ls -a | show hidden files
显示隐藏文件 |
| ls *[0-9]* | show files and directory containing number
显示目录内包含有数字的文件 |
| lstree | show files and directories in a tree starting from root
以树形显示文件 |
| mkdir dir1 | create a directory called ‘dir1’
建立dir1目录 |
| mkdir dir1 dir2 | create two directories simultaneously
建立两个目录 |
| mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 | create a directory tree
建立目录树 |
| rm -f file1 | delete file called ‘file1’
删除名为file1的文件 |
| rmdir dir1 | delete directory called ‘dir1’
删除名为dir1的目录 |
| rm -rf dir1 | remove a directory called ‘dir1’ and contents recursively
删除dir1目录及所含文件 |
| rm -rf dir1 dir2 | remove two directories and their contents recursively
删除dir1 dir 2两个目录及所含文件 |
| mv dir1 new_dir | rename / move a file or directory
重命名/移动 文件或文件夹 |
| cp file1 file2 | copying a file
复制文件 |
| cp dir/* . | copy all files of a directory within the current work directory
复制目录及目录内所有文件到当前目录 |
| cp -a /tmp/dir1 . | copy a directory within the current work directory
复制目录到当前目录 |
| cp -a dir1 dir2 | copy a directory
复制目录 |
| ln -s file1 lnk1 | create a symbolic link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的符号链 |
| ln file1 lnk1 | create a physical link to file or directory
建立文件或目录的物理链 |
| touch -t 0712250000 fileditest | modify timestamp of a file or directory
– (YYMMDDhhmm) 修改文件或目录的时间戳 – 格式：YYMMDDhhmm |
| linux commands line v1.0 – LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 – moon-blog.cn | |
| COMMAND 命令 | DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| File search
文件搜索 |
|
| find / -name file1 | search file and directory into root filesystem from ‘/’
在 / 目录中搜索文件或目录 |
| find / -user user1 | search files and directories belonging to ‘user1’
搜索属于user1的文件和目录 |
| find /home/user1 -name *.bin | search files with ‘. bin’ extension within directory ‘/ home/user1’
在/home/user1目录内搜索包含有.bin的文件 |
| find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 | search bynary files are not used in the last 100 days
搜索100天未用的文件 |
| find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 | search files created or changed within 10 days
搜索10天内创建或更改的文件 |
| find / -name *.rpm -exec chmod 755 {} ; | search files with ‘.rpm’ extension and modify permits
搜索带有修改属性的.rpm的文件 |
| find / -name *.rpm -xdev | search files with ‘.rpm’ extension ignoring removable partitions as cdrom, pen-drive, etc.…
搜索全属性的.rpm的文件 |
| locate *.ps | find files with the ‘.ps’ extension – first run ‘updatedb’ command
搜索扩展名为.ps的文件 – 需要先运行updatedb命令 |
| whereis halt | show location of a binary file,source or man
搜索halt的路径 |
| which halt | show full path to a binary / executable
取得halt列表并寻找当halt作为命令给定时所运行的文件 |
| linux commands line v1.0 – LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 – moon-blog.cn | |
| COMMAND 命令 | DESCRIPTION 注解 |
| Mounting a Filesystem
挂载文件系统 |
|
| mount /dev/hda2 /mnt/hda2 | mount disk called hda2 – verify existence of the directory ‘/ mnt/hda2’
挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 |
| umount /dev/hda2 | unmount disk called hda2 – exit from mount point ‘/ mnt/hda2’ first
取消挂载名为hda2的硬盘设备 |
| fuser -km /mnt/hda2 | force umount when the device is busy
强行取消挂载设备 |
| umount -n /mnt/hda2 | run umount without writing the file /etc/mtab – useful when the file is read-only or the hard disk is full
不记录挂载信息直接取消挂载 – 当硬盘为只读或硬盘已满时很实用 |
| mount /dev/fd0 /mnt/floppy | mount a floppy disk
挂载软盘 |
| mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom | mount a cdrom / dvdrom
挂载CDrom或DVDrom |
| mount /dev/hdc /mnt/cdrecorder | mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom |
| mount /dev/hdb /mnt/cdrecorder | mount a cdrw / dvdrom
挂载CD-RW或DVDrom |
| mount -o loop file.iso /mnt/cdrom | mount a file or iso image
挂载一个文件或ISO光盘镜像 |
| mount -t vfat /dev/hda5 /mnt/hda5 | mount a Windows FAT32 file system
挂载windows FAT32文件系统 |
| mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/usbdisk | mount a usb pen-drive or flash-drive
挂载USB闪存设备 |
| mount -t smbfs -o username=user,password=pass //winclient/share /mnt/share | mount a windows network share
挂载windows网络共享 |
| linux commands line v1.0 – LinuxGuide.it linux命令详解翻译 – moon-blog.cn | |
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